HTTP 中 POST 和 GET 的区别
目录
关于 HTTP 协议中 POST 和 GET 方法的整理笔记。
HTTP 协议基础
HTTP 是应用层协议，允许从 Web 服务器传送超文本到客户端浏览器。HTTP 是无状态协议，由 Cookie 机制维护状态。通常基于 TCP 实现，有时基于 TLS/SSL 实现（即 HTTPS）。
POST 和 GET 的区别
-
语义：GET 用于信息获取（安全、幂等），POST 用于修改服务器资源。
-
数据位置：GET 数据附在 URL 之后（以
?分割，参数以&连接）；POST 数据放在 HTTP 包体中。空格转换为+，中文等特殊字符进行 BASE64 编码。 -
数据量：GET 受 URL 长度限制（浏览器和服务器有具体限制，理论上无限制），POST 理论无限制但服务端通常会限制。GET 可提交数据量远小于 POST。
Python 实现 POST/GET 响应
#!/usr/bin/python
#coding=utf8
import sys
reload(sys)
sys.setdefaultencoding('utf-8')
from BaseHTTPServer import BaseHTTPRequestHandler,HTTPServer
from os import curdir, sep
import cgi
import logging
import time
PORT_NUMBER = 8080
RES_FILE_DIR = "."
class myHandler(BaseHTTPRequestHandler):
def do_GET(self):
if self.path == "/":
self.path = "/index_example3.html"
try:
sendReply = False
if self.path.endswith(".html"):
mimetype = 'text/html'
sendReply = True
if self.path.endswith(".jpg"):
mimetype = 'image/jpg'
sendReply = True
if self.path.endswith(".gif"):
mimetype = 'image/gif'
sendReply = True
if self.path.endswith(".js"):
mimetype = 'application/javascript'
sendReply = True
if self.path.endswith(".css"):
mimetype = 'text/css'
sendReply = True
if sendReply == True:
f = open(curdir + sep + self.path, 'rb')
self.send_response(200)
self.send_header('Content-type', mimetype)
self.end_headers()
self.wfile.write(f.read())
f.close()
return
except IOError:
self.send_error(404, 'File Not Found: %s' % self.path)
def do_POST(self):
logging.warning(self.headers)
form = cgi.FieldStorage(
fp=self.rfile,
headers=self.headers,
environ={'REQUEST_METHOD': 'POST', 'CONTENT_TYPE': self.headers['Content-Type']},
)
file_name = self.get_data_string()
path_name = '%s/%s.log' % (RES_FILE_DIR, file_name)
fwrite = open(path_name, 'a')
fwrite.write("name=%s\n" % form.getvalue("name", ""))
fwrite.write("addr=%s\n" % form.getvalue("addr", ""))
fwrite.close()
self.send_response(200)
self.end_headers()
self.wfile.write("Thanks for you post")
def get_data_string(self):
now = time.time()
clock_now = time.localtime(now)
cur_time = list(clock_now)
date_string = "%d-%d-%d-%d-%d-%d" % (cur_time[0], cur_time[1], cur_time[2], cur_time[3], cur_time[4], cur_time[5])
return date_string
try:
server = HTTPServer(('', PORT_NUMBER), myHandler)
print 'Started httpserver on port ', PORT_NUMBER
server.serve_forever()
except KeyboardInterrupt:
print '^C received, shutting down the web server'
server.socket.close()处理上传文件时，若要读取整个文件内容，使用 form['userfile'].file 而非 getvalue()：
fileitem = form["userfile"]
if fileitem.file:
linecount = 0
while 1:
line = fileitem.file.readline()
if not line:
break
linecount = linecount + 1Python 实现 GET 请求
#!/usr/bin/env python
#coding=utf8
import httplib
httpClient = None
try:
httpClient = httplib.HTTPConnection('localhost', 8080, timeout=30)
httpClient.request('GET', '/test0.html')
response = httpClient.getresponse()
print response.status
print response.reason
print response.read()
except Exception, e:
print e
finally:
if httpClient:
httpClient.close()Python 实现 POST 请求
#!/usr/bin/env python
#coding=utf8
import httplib, urllib
httpClient = None
try:
params = urllib.urlencode({'name': 'Maximus', 'addr': 'GZ'})
headers = {"Content-type": "application/x-www-form-urlencoded", "Accept": "text/plain"}
httpClient = httplib.HTTPConnection("localhost", 8080, timeout=30)
httpClient.request("POST", "/test0.html", params, headers)
response = httpClient.getresponse()
print response.status
print response.reason
print response.read()
print response.getheaders()
except Exception, e:
print e
finally:
if httpClient:
httpClient.close()