linux 修改用户密码 + 非交互设置密码
目录
修改本地用户密码
1. 交互配置本地用户
以 root 用户修改其他用户密码:
passwd <username>
输出示例:
Changing password for user dewang.
New UNIX password:
BAD PASSWORD : it is too short
Retype new UNIX password:
passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully.
非 root 用户修改自己的密码(注:后面不能跟用户名):
passwd
输出示例:
Changing password for user dewang.
(current) UNIX password:
New UNIX password:
Retype new UNIX password:
passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully.
2. 非交互配置本地用户
使用 passwd --stdin:
echo <newpasswd> | passwd --stdin <username>
或使用 chpasswd:
echo <username>:<passwd> | chpasswd
或从文件读取:
chpasswd < passwd.tmp
其中 passwd.tmp 的格式为每行一对 <username>:<passwd>。
3. 使用 expect 脚本自动修改
脚本格式(用 expect 和 TCL 编写):
#!/bin/sh
# 注:脚本开头必须是下面的格式,后面即可按 expect/TCL 方式书写
exec expect -f "$0" ${1+"$@"}
if { $argc != 2 } {
puts "Usage: $argv0 <username> <passwd>"
exit 1
}
set password [lindex $argv 1]
spawn passwd [lindex $argv 0]
sleep 1
expect "assword:"
send "$password\r"
expect "assword:"
send "$password\r"
expect eof
使用 shell + echo 的简化方案:
#!/bin/sh
if [ $# -ne 2 ] ; then
echo "Usage: `basename $0` <username> <passwd>"
exit 1
fi
echo "$1:$2" | chpasswd
if [ $? -eq 0 ] ; then
echo "change password for $1 success"
else
echo "change password for $1 failed"
fi
修改远程主机上的用户密码
1. 交互配置远程用户
通过管道将密码传给 ssh 执行的 passwd:
echo <newpasswd> | ssh -l root <host> passwd --stdin <username>
示例:
echo "newpass" | ssh -l root 10.11.103.151 passwd --stdin dewang
或使用 chpasswd:
echo <username>:<passwd> | ssh -l root <host> chpasswd 2>&1
2. 非交互配置远程用户(expect 脚本)
#!/usr/bin/expect
# Brief: change user password by ssh to remote machine
proc usage {funcname} {
puts "Usage:"
puts " $funcname <host> <username> <newpasswd> -user <userpasswd>"
puts " $funcname <host> <username> <newpasswd> -root <rootpasswd>"
}
# check param
if { $argc != 5 } {
usage $argv0
exit 1
}
# get param
set host [lindex $argv 0]
set username [lindex $argv 1]
set newpasswd [lindex $argv 2]
set loginname "root"
if { [string compare [lindex $argv 3] "-user"] == 0 } {
set loginname $username
}
set passwd [lindex $argv 4]
puts "$host $username $newpasswd $loginname $passwd"
spawn ssh -l $loginname $host
expect {
"*(yes/no)*" { send "yes\r"; set sshkey 1 }
"*assword:*" { send "$passwd\r"; set sshkey 0 }
if sshkey == 1 {
expect "*password:*"
send "$passwd\r"
}
}
expect "*#"
if { [string compare $loginname "root"] == 0 } {
send "echo \"$newpasswd\" | passwd --stdin \"$username\"\r"
} else {
send "passwd\r"
expect {
"*current*assword:" {send "$passwd\r"}
"passwd: Authentication token manipulation error" {exit}
}
expect "New*assword:"
send "$newpasswd\r"
expect "Retype*assword:"
send "$newpasswd\r"
}
expect "*#"
send "exit\r"
说明:使用 expect 脚本进行 ssh 远程交互时,最后的 #interact 选项用于是否将交互权交回用户;如果启用,则用户可在该时刻进行交互操作。