多实例mysql的安装和管理

2013-11-22  ·  13 分钟阅读  ·  数据库

mysql的多实例有两种方式可以实现，两种方式各有利弊。 第一种是使用多个配置文件启动不同的进程来实现多实例，这种方式的优势逻辑简单，配置简单，缺点是管理起来不太方便。 第二种是通过官方自带的mysqld_multi使用单独的配置文件来实现多实例，这种方式定制每个实例的配置不太方面，优点是管理起来很方便，集中管理。 下面就分别来实战这两种多实例的安装和管理 先来学习第一种使用多个配置文件启动多个不同进程的情况： 环境介绍： mysql 版本：5.1.50 操作系统：SUSE 11 mysql实例数：3个 实例占用端口分别为：3306、3307、3308 创建mysql用户 点击( 此处 )折叠或打开 /usr/sbin/groupadd mysql /usr/sbin/useradd -g mysql mysql 编译安装mysql 点击( 此处 )折叠或打开

tar xzvf mysql-5.1.50.tar.gz
cd mysql-5.1.50

./configure ‘—prefix=/usr/local/mysql’ ‘—with-charset=utf8’ ‘—with-extra-charsets=complex’ ‘—with-pthread’ ‘—enable-thread-safe-client’ ‘—with-ssl’ ‘—with-client-ldflags=-all-static’ ‘—with-mysqld-ldflags=-all-static’ ‘—with-plugins=partition,innobase,blackhole,myisam,innodb_plugin,heap,archive’ ‘—enable-shared’ ‘—enable-assembler’ make make install 初始化数据库 点击( 此处 )折叠或打开

/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_install_db --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/data/dbdata_3306 --user=mysql
/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_install_db --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/data/dbdata_3307 --user=mysql
/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_install_db --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/data/dbdata_3308 --user=mysql

创建配置文件 vim /data/dbdata_3306/my.cnf 3306的配置文件如下： 点击( 此处 )折叠或打开 [client] port = 3306 socket = /data/dbdata_3306/mysql.sock [mysqld] datadir=/data/dbdata_3306/ skip-name-resolve lower_case_table_names=1 innodb_file_per_table=1 port = 3306 socket = /data/dbdata_3306/mysql.sock back_log = 50 max_connections = 300 max_connect_errors = 1000 table_open_cache = 2048 max_allowed_packet = 16M binlog_cache_size = 2M max_heap_table_size = 64M sort_buffer_size = 2M join_buffer_size = 2M thread_cache_size = 64 thread_concurrency = 8 query_cache_size = 64M query_cache_limit = 2M ft_min_word_len = 4 default-storage-engine = innodb thread_stack = 192K transaction_isolation = REPEATABLE-READ tmp_table_size = 64M log-bin=mysql-bin binlog_format=mixed slow_query_log long_query_time = 1 server-id = 1 key_buffer_size = 8M read_buffer_size = 2M read_rnd_buffer_size = 2M bulk_insert_buffer_size = 64M myisam_sort_buffer_size = 128M myisam_max_sort_file_size = 10G myisam_repair_threads = 1 myisam_recover innodb_additional_mem_pool_size = 16M innodb_buffer_pool_size = 200M innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:10M:autoextend innodb_file_io_threads = 8 innodb_thread_concurrency = 16 innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 1 innodb_log_buffer_size = 16M innodb_log_file_size = 512M innodb_log_files_in_group = 3 innodb_max_dirty_pages_pct = 60 innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 120 [mysqldump] quick max_allowed_packet = 256M [mysql] no-auto-rehash prompt=\u@\d \R:\m

[myisamchk] key_buffer_size = 512M sort_buffer_size = 512M read_buffer = 8M write_buffer = 8M [mysqlhotcopy] interactive-timeout [mysqld_safe] open-files-limit = 8192 vim /data/dbdata_3307/my.cnf 3307的配置文件如下： 点击( 此处 )折叠或打开 [ client ] port

3307 socket

/ data / dbdata_3307 / mysql . sock [ mysqld ] datadir =/ data / dbdata_3307 / skip

name

resolve lower_case_table_names

1 innodb_file_per_table

1 port

3307 socket

/ data / dbdata_3307 / mysql . sock back_log

50 max_connections

300 max_connect_errors

1000 table_open_cache

2048 max_allowed_packet

16M binlog_cache_size

2M max_heap_table_size

64M sort_buffer_size

2M join_buffer_size

2M thread_cache_size

64 thread_concurrency

8 query_cache_size

64M query_cache_limit

2M ft_min_word_len

4 default

storage

engine

innodb thread_stack

192K transaction_isolation

REPEATABLE

READ tmp_table_size

64M log

bin

mysql

bin binlog_format

mixed slow_query_log long_query_time

1 server

id

1 key_buffer_size

8M read_buffer_size

2M read_rnd_buffer_size

2M bulk_insert_buffer_size

64M myisam_sort_buffer_size

128M myisam_max_sort_file_size

10G myisam_repair_threads

1 myisam_recover innodb_additional_mem_pool_size

16M innodb_buffer_pool_size

200M innodb_data_file_path

ibdata1 : 10M : autoextend innodb_file_io_threads

8 innodb_thread_concurrency

16 innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit

1 innodb_log_buffer_size

16M innodb_log_file_size

512M innodb_log_files_in_group

3 innodb_max_dirty_pages_pct

60 innodb_lock_wait_timeout

120 [ mysqldump ] quick max_allowed_packet

256M [ mysql ] no

auto

rehash prompt =\ u @\ d \ R :\ m

[ myisamchk ] key_buffer_size

512M sort_buffer_size

512M read_buffer

8M write_buffer

8M [ mysqlhotcopy ] interactive

timeout [ mysqld_safe ] open

files

limit

8192 vim /data/dbdata_3308/my.cnf 3308的配置文件如下： 点击( 此处 )折叠或打开 [client] port = 3308 socket = /data/dbdata_3308/mysql.sock [mysqld] datadir=/data/dbdata_3308/ skip-name-resolve lower_case_table_names=1 innodb_file_per_table=1 port = 3308 socket = /data/dbdata_3308/mysql.sock back_log = 50 max_connections = 300 max_connect_errors = 1000 table_open_cache = 2048 max_allowed_packet = 16M binlog_cache_size = 2M max_heap_table_size = 64M sort_buffer_size = 2M join_buffer_size = 2M thread_cache_size = 64 thread_concurrency = 8 query_cache_size = 64M query_cache_limit = 2M ft_min_word_len = 4 default-storage-engine = innodb thread_stack = 192K transaction_isolation = REPEATABLE-READ tmp_table_size = 64M log-bin=mysql-bin binlog_format=mixed slow_query_log long_query_time = 1 server-id = 1 key_buffer_size = 8M read_buffer_size = 2M read_rnd_buffer_size = 2M bulk_insert_buffer_size = 64M myisam_sort_buffer_size = 128M myisam_max_sort_file_size = 10G myisam_repair_threads = 1 myisam_recover innodb_additional_mem_pool_size = 16M innodb_buffer_pool_size = 200M innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:10M:autoextend innodb_file_io_threads = 8 innodb_thread_concurrency = 16 innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 1 innodb_log_buffer_size = 16M innodb_log_file_size = 512M innodb_log_files_in_group = 3 innodb_max_dirty_pages_pct = 60 innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 120 [mysqldump] quick max_allowed_packet = 256M [mysql] no-auto-rehash prompt=\u@\d \R:\m

[myisamchk] key_buffer_size = 512M sort_buffer_size = 512M read_buffer = 8M write_buffer = 8M [mysqlhotcopy] interactive-timeout [mysqld_safe] open-files-limit = 8192 创建自动启动文件 vim /data/dbdata_3306/mysqld 3306的启动文件如下： 点击( 此处 )折叠或打开 #!/bin/bash mysql_port=3306 mysql_username=“admin” mysql_password=“password” function_start_mysql() { printf “Starting MySQL…\n” /bin/sh /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe —defaults-file=/data/dbdata_${mysql_port}/my.cnf 2> & 1 > /dev ull & } function_stop_mysql() { printf “Stoping MySQL…\n” /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin -u ${mysql_username} -p${mysql_password} -S /data/dbdata_${mysql_port}/mysql.sock shutdown } function_restart_mysql() { printf “Restarting MySQL…\n” function_stop_mysql function_start_mysql } function_kill_mysql() {

kill -9 $(ps -ef | grep 'bin/mysqld_safe' | grep ${mysql_port} | awk '{printf $2}')
kill -9 $(ps -ef | grep 'libexec/mysqld' | grep ${mysql_port} | awk '{printf $2}')

} case $1 in start) function_start_mysql;; stop) function_stop_mysql;; kill) function_kill_mysql;; restart) function_stop_mysql function_start_mysql;; *) echo “Usage: /data/dbdata_${mysql_port}/mysqld {start|stop|restart|kill}”;; esac vim /data/dbdata_3307/mysqld 3307的启动文件如下： 点击( 此处 )折叠或打开 #!/bin/bash mysql_port=3307 mysql_username=“admin” mysql_password=“password” function_start_mysql() { printf “Starting MySQL…\n” /bin/sh /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe —defaults-file=/data/dbdata_${mysql_port}/my.cnf 2> & 1 > /dev ull & } function_stop_mysql() { printf “Stoping MySQL…\n” /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin -u ${mysql_username} -p${mysql_password} -S /data/dbdata_${mysql_port}/mysql.sock shutdown } function_restart_mysql() { printf “Restarting MySQL…\n” function_stop_mysql function_start_mysql } function_kill_mysql() {

kill -9 $(ps -ef | grep 'bin/mysqld_safe' | grep ${mysql_port} | awk '{printf $2}')
kill -9 $(ps -ef | grep 'libexec/mysqld' | grep ${mysql_port} | awk '{printf $2}')

} case $1 in start) function_start_mysql;; stop) function_stop_mysql;; kill) function_kill_mysql;; restart) function_stop_mysql function_start_mysql;; *) echo “Usage: /data/dbdata_${mysql_port}/mysqld {start|stop|restart|kill}”;; esac vim /data/dbdata_3308/mysqld 3308的启动文件如下： 点击( 此处 )折叠或打开 #!/bin/bash mysql_port=3308 mysql_username=“admin” mysql_password=“password” function_start_mysql() { printf “Starting MySQL…\n” /bin/sh /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe —defaults-file=/data/dbdata_${mysql_port}/my.cnf 2> & 1 > /dev ull & } function_stop_mysql() { printf “Stoping MySQL…\n” /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin -u ${mysql_username} -p${mysql_password} -S /data/dbdata_${mysql_port}/mysql.sock shutdown } function_restart_mysql() { printf “Restarting MySQL…\n” function_stop_mysql function_start_mysql } function_kill_mysql() {

kill -9 $(ps -ef | grep 'bin/mysqld_safe' | grep ${mysql_port} | awk '{printf $2}')
kill -9 $(ps -ef | grep 'libexec/mysqld' | grep ${mysql_port} | awk '{printf $2}')

} case $1 in start) function_start_mysql;; stop) function_stop_mysql;; kill) function_kill_mysql;; restart) function_stop_mysql function_start_mysql;; *) echo “Usage: /data/dbdata_${mysql_port}/mysqld {start|stop|restart|kill}”;; esac 启动3306、3307、3308的mysql 点击( 此处 )折叠或打开 /data/dbdata_3306/mysqld start /data/dbdata_3307/mysqld start /data/dbdata_3308/mysqld start 更改原来密码（处于安全考虑，还需要删除系统中没有密码的帐号，这里省略了）： 点击( 此处 )折叠或打开 /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin -uroot password ‘password’ -S /data/dbdata_3306/mysql.sock /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin -uroot password ‘password’ -S /data/dbdata_3307/mysql.sock /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin -uroot password ‘password’ -S /data/dbdata_3308/mysql.sock 登录测试并创建关闭mysql的帐号权限 ，mysqld脚本要用到！ 点击( 此处 )折叠或打开 /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql -uroot -ppassword -S /data/dbdata_3308/mysql.sock GRANT SHUTDOWN ON . TO ‘admin’@‘localhost’ IDENTIFIED BY ‘password’; flush privileges; /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql -uroot -ppassword -S /data/dbdata_3308/mysql.sock GRANT SHUTDOWN ON . TO ‘admin’@‘localhost’ IDENTIFIED BY ‘password’; flush privileges; /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql -uroot -ppassword -S /data/dbdata_3308/mysql.sock GRANT SHUTDOWN ON . TO ‘admin’@‘localhost’ IDENTIFIED BY ‘password’; flush privileges; 创建了admin帐号以后脚本的stop功能和restart功能就正常了！ 更改环境变量 点击( 此处 )折叠或打开 vim /etc/profile 添加下面一行内容 PATH=${PATH}:/usr/local/mysql/bin/ source /etc/profile 添加到自动启动 点击( 此处 )折叠或打开 vim /etc/init.d/boot.local /data/dbdata_3306/mysqld start /data/dbdata_3307/mysqld start /data/dbdata_3308/mysqld start 如果是rhel或者centos系统的话自启动文件/etc/rc.local 管理的话，在本地都是采用 -S /data/dbdata_3308/mysql.sock，如果在远程可以通过不同的端口连接上去坐管理操作。其他的和单实例的管理没什么区别！ 再来看第二种通过官方自带的mysqld_multi来实现多实例实战： 这里的mysql安装以及数据库的初始化和前面的步骤一样，就不再赘述。 mysqld_multi的配置 vim /etc/my.cnf 点击( 此处 )折叠或打开 [mysqld_multi] mysqld = /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe mysqladmin = /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin user = admin password = password [mysqld1] socket = /data/dbdata_3306/mysql.sock port = 3306 pid-file = /data/dbdata_3306/3306.pid datadir = /data/dbdata_3306 user = mysql skip-name-resolve lower_case_table_names=1 innodb_file_per_table=1 back_log = 50 max_connections = 300 max_connect_errors = 1000 table_open_cache = 2048 max_allowed_packet = 16M binlog_cache_size = 2M max_heap_table_size = 64M sort_buffer_size = 2M join_buffer_size = 2M thread_cache_size = 64 thread_concurrency = 8 query_cache_size = 64M query_cache_limit = 2M ft_min_word_len = 4 default-storage-engine = innodb thread_stack = 192K transaction_isolation = REPEATABLE-READ tmp_table_size = 64M log-bin=mysql-bin binlog_format=mixed slow_query_log long_query_time = 1 server-id = 1 key_buffer_size = 8M read_buffer_size = 2M read_rnd_buffer_size = 2M bulk_insert_buffer_size = 64M myisam_sort_buffer_size = 128M myisam_max_sort_file_size = 10G myisam_repair_threads = 1 myisam_recover innodb_additional_mem_pool_size = 16M innodb_buffer_pool_size = 200M innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:10M:autoextend innodb_file_io_threads = 8 innodb_thread_concurrency = 16 innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 1 innodb_log_buffer_size = 16M innodb_log_file_size = 512M innodb_log_files_in_group = 3 innodb_max_dirty_pages_pct = 60 innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 120 [mysqld2] socket = /data/dbdata_3307/mysql.sock port = 3307 pid-file = /data/dbdata_3307/3307.pid datadir = /data/dbdata_3307 user = mysql skip-name-resolve lower_case_table_names=1 innodb_file_per_table=1 back_log = 50 max_connections = 300 max_connect_errors = 1000 table_open_cache = 2048 max_allowed_packet = 16M binlog_cache_size = 2M max_heap_table_size = 64M sort_buffer_size = 2M join_buffer_size = 2M thread_cache_size = 64 thread_concurrency = 8 query_cache_size = 64M query_cache_limit = 2M ft_min_word_len = 4 default-storage-engine = innodb thread_stack = 192K transaction_isolation = REPEATABLE-READ tmp_table_size = 64M log-bin=mysql-bin binlog_format=mixed slow_query_log long_query_time = 1 server-id = 1 key_buffer_size = 8M read_buffer_size = 2M read_rnd_buffer_size = 2M bulk_insert_buffer_size = 64M myisam_sort_buffer_size = 128M myisam_max_sort_file_size = 10G myisam_repair_threads = 1 myisam_recover innodb_additional_mem_pool_size = 16M innodb_buffer_pool_size = 200M innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:10M:autoextend innodb_file_io_threads = 8 innodb_thread_concurrency = 16 innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 1 innodb_log_buffer_size = 16M innodb_log_file_size = 512M innodb_log_files_in_group = 3 innodb_max_dirty_pages_pct = 60 innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 120 [mysqld3] socket = /data/dbdata_3308/mysql.sock port = 3308 pid-file = /data/dbdata_3308/3308.pid datadir = /data/dbdata_3308 user = mysql skip-name-resolve lower_case_table_names=1 innodb_file_per_table=1 back_log = 50 max_connections = 300 max_connect_errors = 1000 table_open_cache = 2048 max_allowed_packet = 16M binlog_cache_size = 2M max_heap_table_size = 64M sort_buffer_size = 2M join_buffer_size = 2M thread_cache_size = 64 thread_concurrency = 8 query_cache_size = 64M query_cache_limit = 2M ft_min_word_len = 4 default-storage-engine = innodb thread_stack = 192K transaction_isolation = REPEATABLE-READ tmp_table_size = 64M log-bin=mysql-bin binlog_format=mixed slow_query_log long_query_time = 1 server-id = 1 key_buffer_size = 8M read_buffer_size = 2M read_rnd_buffer_size = 2M bulk_insert_buffer_size = 64M myisam_sort_buffer_size = 128M myisam_max_sort_file_size = 10G myisam_repair_threads = 1 myisam_recover innodb_additional_mem_pool_size = 16M innodb_buffer_pool_size = 200M innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:10M:autoextend innodb_file_io_threads = 8 innodb_thread_concurrency = 16 innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 1 innodb_log_buffer_size = 16M innodb_log_file_size = 512M innodb_log_files_in_group = 3 innodb_max_dirty_pages_pct = 60 innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 120 [mysqldump] quick max_allowed_packet = 256M [mysql] no-auto-rehash prompt=\u@\d \R:\m

[myisamchk] key_buffer_size = 512M sort_buffer_size = 512M read_buffer = 8M write_buffer = 8M [mysqlhotcopy] interactive-timeout [mysqld_safe] open-files-limit = 8192 mysqld_multi启动 点击( 此处 )折叠或打开 /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_multi start 1 /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_multi start 2 /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_multi start 3 或者采用一条命令的形式： 点击( 此处 )折叠或打开 /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_multi start 1-3 更改原来密码（处于安全考虑，还需要删除系统中没有密码的帐号，这里省略了）： 点击( 此处 )折叠或打开 /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin -uroot password ‘password’ -S /data/dbdata_3306/mysql.sock /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin -uroot password ‘password’ -S /data/dbdata_3307/mysql.sock /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin -uroot password ‘password’ -S /data/dbdata_3308/mysql.sock 登录测试并创建admin密码(停止mysql的时候需要使用到) 点击( 此处 )折叠或打开 /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql -uroot -ppassword -S /data/dbdata_3308/mysql.sock GRANT SHUTDOWN ON . TO ‘admin’@‘localhost’ IDENTIFIED BY ‘password’; flush privileges; /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql -uroot -ppassword -S /data/dbdata_3308/mysql.sock GRANT SHUTDOWN ON . TO ‘admin’@‘localhost’ IDENTIFIED BY ‘password’; flush privileges; /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql -uroot -ppassword -S /data/dbdata_3308/mysql.sock GRANT SHUTDOWN ON . TO ‘admin’@‘localhost’ IDENTIFIED BY ‘password’; flush privileges; 更改环境变量 点击( 此处 )折叠或打开 vim /etc/profile PATH=${PATH}:/usr/local/mysql/bin/ source /etc/profile 添加到自动启动 点击( 此处 )折叠或打开 vim /etc/init.d/boot.local /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_multi start 1-3 如果是rhel或者centos系统的话自启动文件/etc/rc.local 管理的话，在本地都是采用 -S /data/dbdata_3308/mysql.sock，如果在远程可以通过不同的端口连接上去坐管理操作。其他的和单实例的管理没什么区别！ 大家在管理多实例的话可以使用mysqlmanager实例管理器，管理器来会比较方面，限于篇幅，这里就不在多做介绍！

#mysql #shell-scripting #mysql-replication #ssl-tls #vim